Notes Chapter 14 Section 1 February 18 & 22

The Hopes of Immigrants

Why People Migrated

People immigrate because of push-pull factors

•Push factors—conditions that push people out of their native lands

•Pull factors—conditions that pull people toward a new place

•Emigrants—people who leave a country

•Immigrants—people who settle in a new country

•Push factors include:

-agricultural changes, landlords force tenants off land

-crop failures, farmers unable to pay debts, families go hungry

-Industrial Revolution puts many artisans out of work

-religious, political turmoil causes religious persecution

WAR !

•Pull factors include economic opportunity (money),  abundant land

Freedom, Freedom of Speech

Scandinavians Seek Land

•Cheap land lures thousands of Scandinavians to U.S.

Germans Pursue Economic Opportunity

•Work as bakers, butchers, shoemakers, carpenters in cities

The Irish Flee Hunger

•Most Irish immigrants are Catholic

•Causes famine—a severe food shortage, forces many to emigrate

•In U.S., Irish become city-dwellers, few skills, take low-paying jobs

•Compete with free blacks for backbreaking work that no one else wants

U.S. Cities Face Overcrowding

•Immigrants, especially the Irish flock to cities

•Rapid urban growth causes housing shortage

Some Americans Oppose Immigration

•Prejudice—negative opinion not based on facts

•Nativists—native-born Americans who want to stop foreign influence

Jackson and Native Americans

-In 1820, 100,000 Native Americans of the Mississippi River.
-Those were called the civilized tribes had adopted to some of the western ways.
-Jackson regarded the Native Americans as conquered people.
-Indian removal act of 1830 said Native Americans must move west to Oklahoma.
-1/4(25%) of Native Americans died along the way.
-This becomes known as the trail of tears.
-Jackson Removal Policy 

The Age of Jackson:Chapter 12 Section 3(page 18)

-Congress raised Tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods in 1828.
-The south was angry. They had to sell thoctrineeir cotton at a low price.
-Doctrine of nullification-it states the right to nullify or reject federal laws.
-Jackson was a supporter of a strong federal government.
-Calhoun supported states rights.
-South Carolina-they threatened session to withdraw with the union.
-Henry came fourth with a compromise.
-Biddle(bank president)asked congress to renew the banks charter.
-Jackson vetoed the renewal.
-The bank went out of buissiness.
-The banks went out of bussiness or defaulted.
-Tariff of Abomination
-Doctrine of Nullification

Texas Revolution Feb 1st

• Texas general, Sam Houston gathered more troops, 800 in all.
• San Jacinto 1836
• "Remember the Alamo!"
• 700 Mexicans Killed vs. 6 Texans Killed
• Battle of San Jacinto, Texas was now an independent country.
• In 1836, Texas declared itself The Lone Star Republic a separate country.