Notes on Chapter 7 Section 4

The Revolutionary War

• Costs of the War

• American

• 27,000 American casualties

• 1,400 Missing
• 8,200 were wounded

• British

• 10,000 British deaths

• Between 60,000 and 100,000 Loyalists left the United States, mostly to Canada

The Legacy of the War

• Treaty of Paris (2)- 1783
• US was recognized as an independent Nation
• L – Lexington and Concord – "Shot heard around the world!" First Battles
• B – Bunker Hill – a moral victory for the American troops (due to heavy British casualties)
• S – Saratoga – Turning point of the war
• Y – Yorktown – Britain surrendered to the US.

• Final battle: Yorktown
• Why did the Americans win?

• Better leadership
• Received foreign aid
• Knew the lay of the land better than the British
• Motivation

Slavery Dominates Politics 
The Republican Party Forms 
-Disagreement over slavery led to the freedom of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions 
-The creation of the Republican Party grew out of the problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
-Split between North and South 
The Case of Dred Scott
-His owner takes him to live in the North 
-Scott sued for his freedom 
-Dredscott v. Sandford 
-Missouri ---> Illinois ---> Wisconsin ---> Missouri 
-Black as inferior unfit to associate with the white race
-Blacks are not and can't be citizens 

Notes Page Word or Phrase of the week

The word or Phrase of the Week of March 12th is:

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin

THE CRISIS DEPENDS 
The issue of slavery divides the counrty
-The north was against slavery and wanted to stop its spread 
-the south wanted to keep slavery as a way of life. also about $$$$
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-people decide of there should be slavery in their states
-popular sovereingnty- when people decide what to do
Fugitive Slave Act
-an 1850 law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves
-It was illegal to help a slave escape 
-a person could be put in jail if they did
Harriet Beecher Stowe
 -author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
-story about the cruelty of slavery
-encouraged many people in the north to become abolitionists 
      

GROWING TENSION BETWEEN THE NORTH & SOUTH
North & south take different paths
-In the north, the growing of industry led to the rapid growth of cities
-Railroads & canals connect east and west helping to develop strong ties with eachother
The South Developed few wealthy, planters who controlled socety
-Planters relied on cotton exports for their profit 
-Southerns invested in slavery instead of industry 
-"Wilmot Proxiso", it outlawed slavery in any territory taken from Mexico 
The Compromise of 1850
-To please the north 
-California would be a free state 
-The slave trade would abolished in washington 
-to please the south 
-Congress would not pass law regarding slavery territories won from Mexico
-Congress would pass fugitive slave act

Plantations & Slavery Spread
-Whitney's cotton gin (short for engine)
-A worker could now clean up to 50 pounds a day
-The cotton gin set the South on a different course from the North
-Southern Life changed because of cotton boom:
1) It triggered a mass move westward
2)Planters grew more cotton rather than other goods
3) More Native Americans groups were driven off southern land. This help cause "Trail of Tears"
4) Slavery continued to be important source of labor 
-After 1808, it became illegal to import Africans for use in slavery 
-Slaveholders with large plantations were the wealthiest and most powerful people in the south
-Most white southern farmers owned few or no slaves 
-In 1840, 8& of African Americans in the south were free
Finding strength in Religion
-Churches the only place where slaves could meet as a group
-spirituals often contained coded messages
Families Under Slavery
-The cruelest part of slavery was the sale of family members away from one another
-many children were seperated from their mothers 
Slave Rebellions
-The most famous rebellion was led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831
-Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women, children
-tuner was caught & hung      
-like almost all rebellions it resulted in harsher slave codes

THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE & THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
Beginning of slavery in North American
-Disease (small pox) and warfare eliminated the native americans as a source of labor
- Kunta Kinte
Where Slaves Went???
-North America 6%
-Spanish America 16%
-Brazil 38%
-Caribbean 40 
Middle Passage 
-The transport of slaves between Africa and the Americas
-Typical slave ships contained several hundred slaves with about 30 crew members 
-A typical alantic crossing took 60-90 days but some lasted up to 4 months
Conditions in Slave Ships
-Slaves packed like cargo between decks often had to lie in each other's waste 
-heat was often unbearable and the air nearly unbreatheable
Triangle Trade
-The triangle trade was the trade between: 
Africa to new world (slaves)
-New world to europe (cotton, tabacco)
-Europe to Africa (rum, stuff to trade)
-European colonization of north america created a slave dependent country      
 

War with Mexico
Manifest Destiny
-The belief that the US was destined to stretch across the country from the Alantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
-Most Americans supported Manifest Destiny
-Texas was admitted as a slave state in 1845
-President Polk offer to buy Texas, California, and New Mexico
-Mexico Refused

Notes Word or Phrase of the Week. January 30th

Cornell notes rule

The Texas Revolution
Spanish Texas
-Spain owned a large part of North America, including Texas.
Tejanos
-Tejanos are people of spanish heritage who consider Texas their home.
-Moses Austin starts a colony in Texas 
Mexican Independence Change Texas 
- In 1821, Mexico won independence from Spain 
-Settlers would have become Mexican Citizens 
-Join Roman Catholic Church 
-Learn Spanish
-by 1830, Americans out numbering the Tejanos 6 to 1
In 1829, the Mexican govern. outlawed slavery
-the settlers wanted to keep their slaves so they could grow cotton
-Americans didn't learn spanish or follow Mexican laws
-Santa Ana led 6,000 troops to Texas to put down the revolt 
Alamo
-The first between the Texans and Mexicans took place at the Alamo
Fight For Alamo
-183 Texans & 6,000 Mexicans 
- when the war was over, all but 5 Texans were dead
-The men not killed in battle were executed
Battle at San. Jacinto
-Texan general, Sam Houston gathered more men, 800 men in all
-San Jacinto 1836, "Remember the Alamo"
-700 Mexicans killed vs 6 Texans killed 
-Battle of San. Jacinto, Texas an independent country
Lone Star Republic
-In 1836, Texas declared itself the Lone Star Republic a seperate country 
-Sam Houston was elected president

MANIFEST DESTINY-
Mountain Men and the Rendezvous-
-Spent most of the year alone, trapping small animals such as beavers
Jedediah Smith-
-Rediscover the South Pass through the Rockies
Jim Beckworth-
-Discovered the beckwarth Pass through the Rocky Mountains into California
The Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico 
-The west offered a change to make money
-Traders traveled west in search of market to trade goods and make money

JACKSON & NATIVE AMERICANS

JACKSON & NATIVE AMERICANS
Native Americans in Southeast
-1820 100,000 Native Americans east of mississippi river 
-They were called the civilized tribes had adopted some western ways
Jackson's Removal Policy
-Jackson saw native americans as conquered people
-Indian Removal Act 1830 said Native Americans MUST move west to Oklahoma
-Indians got to Supreme Court, say they dont have to move. Jackson ignores SC
-1/4 (25%) of Native Americans die along the way 
-This becomes known as the Trail of Tears

RISE OF JACKSON
Jacksonian Democracy
The idea of the spread political power to more of the people 
This allows more people to vote (only white men)
People's President 
Jackson was first president not from Virginia or Mass.
he was the first president from West
Jackson Takes Office 
Jackson's wife dies before he takes office 
Jackson takes office in 1828
Inauguration public takes over white house
Spoils System 
The practice of giving govern. jobs to people who support you

CH 11 Section 3
NATIONAL & REGIONAL GROWTH
The north began to industrialize and the south relied more heavily on growing cotton.
American System
Establish a protective tariff 
Establish a national bank 
Improve the country's transportation system
Sectional Tensions Increase
Sectionalism is loyalty to the interest of your own region or section of the country
Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance
Missouri Compromise
He suggested Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state 
This became known as the Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine 
Monroe said that the Latin Americans were closed to further colonization

Industrial Revolution

Factories machines replace hand tools.
Manufacturing replaces farming as main business 
Mostly in the North 
Factories in New England-
Factories mostly came from New England 
1st Samuel Slater Rhode Island 
N.E. had many fast moving rivers for power 
N.E. ports and ships for transportation 
New England Factory-
Large factory 
Near fast rivers/waterfalls
people moved from farms to cities 
Lowell Mills-
Lowell mills employed women in mills
woman got paid 2-3 dollars a week
worked in very dangerous conditions
Eli Whitney-
inventor interchangeable parts
before guns were made individually took a box of parts to demonstrate 
made gun from pile of parts
Moving people, Goods, Messages-
Samuel Morris -telegraph
Robert Fulton-steamboat
allowed boats to go up river 
 Telegraph-
Invented 1837
steamboat and telegraph helped bring nation together
John Deere invents steel plow 
Cyrus McComick invents Reaper