Notes Chap 14 Sec 4 Abolition and Woman's RIghts

Abolition and Women’s Rights

The spread of democracy leads to calls for freedom for slaves and more rights for women. 

Abolitionists Call for Ending Slavery

• Abolition—movement to end slavery, begins in the late 1700s 
• Abolitionists demand a law ending slavery in the South
• William Lloyd Garrison publishes an abolitionist newspaper 
• John Quincy Adams introduces anti-slavery amendment 

Eyewitnesses to Slavery

• Frederick Douglass speaks about his own experience of slavery 
• Publishes autobiography (1845), does lecture tour, buys his freedom 
• Sojourner Truth flees enslavement, lives with Quakers who free her 

The Underground Railroad

• Underground Railroad—aboveground escape routes from South to North 
• Runaway slaves travel on foot, also take wagons, boats, trains 
• Henry Brown escapes slavery by being packed in a box, shipped North
• Runaways usually travel by night, hide by day in places called stations 

Harriet Tubman

• People who lead runaways to freedom are called conductors
• Harriet Tubman is a famous conductor 
• Escapes slavery (1849), makes 19 journeys to free enslaved persons 

• Enemies offer reward for her capture, is never caught 

Notes Chap 11 Sec 2 Plantations and Slavery

Plantations and Slavery Spread Section 2
Cotton Boom

* Whitney's cotton gin (short for engine) made the cotton-cleaning far more efficient.
* A worker can now clean up 50 pounds of cotton per day.
* The cotton gin helped set the South on a different course of develop,enter from the North.

Southern life changed because of The cotton boom:

1. it triggered a mass move westward.
2. Planters grew more cotton rather than other goods.
3. More Native Americans groups were driven of Southern Land.

---------------------------------------------------------------

* After 1808, it became illegal to import Africans for use in slavery. The trading of slaves in the country increased.


* Slaveholders with large plantations were the wealthiest and most powerful people in the South.


* Most white Southern farmers owned few or no slaves.

Roots Episode 2:


* Kunta has been there for about two months.
* Learns hoe to speak English by Fiddler when he speaks to him.
* Junta catches a cricket and tells it to tell his family that he's going to find a way to escape.
* Kunta broke his leg chains with a piece of broken metal he found. Fiddler lets him go when he realizes he broke off his chains.

----------------------------------------------------------------

* Spiritual often contained coded messages.
* The cruelest part of slavery was the sale of family members were seperated from their mother.

Slave Rebellion

* The most famous rebellion was led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831.
* August 21 (Turner and 70 followers killed 53 white men, women and children)
* turner's men were mostly captured when their ammo went out and 16 were killed. Turner got caught and hung.
* Resulted in harsher slave codes.
*

Notes on Chapter 7 Section 4

The Revolutionary War

• Costs of the War

• American

• 27,000 American casualties

• 1,400 Missing
• 8,200 were wounded

• British

• 10,000 British deaths

• Between 60,000 and 100,000 Loyalists left the United States, mostly to Canada

The Legacy of the War

• Treaty of Paris (2)- 1783
• US was recognized as an independent Nation
• L – Lexington and Concord – "Shot heard around the world!" First Battles
• B – Bunker Hill – a moral victory for the American troops (due to heavy British casualties)
• S – Saratoga – Turning point of the war
• Y – Yorktown – Britain surrendered to the US.

• Final battle: Yorktown
• Why did the Americans win?

• Better leadership
• Received foreign aid
• Knew the lay of the land better than the British
• Motivation

Slavery Dominates Politics 
The Republican Party Forms 
-Disagreement over slavery led to the freedom of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions 
-The creation of the Republican Party grew out of the problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
-Split between North and South 
The Case of Dred Scott
-His owner takes him to live in the North 
-Scott sued for his freedom 
-Dredscott v. Sandford 
-Missouri ---> Illinois ---> Wisconsin ---> Missouri 
-Black as inferior unfit to associate with the white race
-Blacks are not and can't be citizens 

Notes Page Word or Phrase of the week

The word or Phrase of the Week of March 12th is:

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin

THE CRISIS DEPENDS 
The issue of slavery divides the counrty
-The north was against slavery and wanted to stop its spread 
-the south wanted to keep slavery as a way of life. also about $$$$
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-people decide of there should be slavery in their states
-popular sovereingnty- when people decide what to do
Fugitive Slave Act
-an 1850 law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves
-It was illegal to help a slave escape 
-a person could be put in jail if they did
Harriet Beecher Stowe
 -author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
-story about the cruelty of slavery
-encouraged many people in the north to become abolitionists 
      

GROWING TENSION BETWEEN THE NORTH & SOUTH
North & south take different paths
-In the north, the growing of industry led to the rapid growth of cities
-Railroads & canals connect east and west helping to develop strong ties with eachother
The South Developed few wealthy, planters who controlled socety
-Planters relied on cotton exports for their profit 
-Southerns invested in slavery instead of industry 
-"Wilmot Proxiso", it outlawed slavery in any territory taken from Mexico 
The Compromise of 1850
-To please the north 
-California would be a free state 
-The slave trade would abolished in washington 
-to please the south 
-Congress would not pass law regarding slavery territories won from Mexico
-Congress would pass fugitive slave act

Plantations & Slavery Spread
-Whitney's cotton gin (short for engine)
-A worker could now clean up to 50 pounds a day
-The cotton gin set the South on a different course from the North
-Southern Life changed because of cotton boom:
1) It triggered a mass move westward
2)Planters grew more cotton rather than other goods
3) More Native Americans groups were driven off southern land. This help cause "Trail of Tears"
4) Slavery continued to be important source of labor 
-After 1808, it became illegal to import Africans for use in slavery 
-Slaveholders with large plantations were the wealthiest and most powerful people in the south
-Most white southern farmers owned few or no slaves 
-In 1840, 8& of African Americans in the south were free
Finding strength in Religion
-Churches the only place where slaves could meet as a group
-spirituals often contained coded messages
Families Under Slavery
-The cruelest part of slavery was the sale of family members away from one another
-many children were seperated from their mothers 
Slave Rebellions
-The most famous rebellion was led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831
-Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women, children
-tuner was caught & hung      
-like almost all rebellions it resulted in harsher slave codes

THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE & THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
Beginning of slavery in North American
-Disease (small pox) and warfare eliminated the native americans as a source of labor
- Kunta Kinte
Where Slaves Went???
-North America 6%
-Spanish America 16%
-Brazil 38%
-Caribbean 40 
Middle Passage 
-The transport of slaves between Africa and the Americas
-Typical slave ships contained several hundred slaves with about 30 crew members 
-A typical alantic crossing took 60-90 days but some lasted up to 4 months
Conditions in Slave Ships
-Slaves packed like cargo between decks often had to lie in each other's waste 
-heat was often unbearable and the air nearly unbreatheable
Triangle Trade
-The triangle trade was the trade between: 
Africa to new world (slaves)
-New world to europe (cotton, tabacco)
-Europe to Africa (rum, stuff to trade)
-European colonization of north america created a slave dependent country      
 

War with Mexico
Manifest Destiny
-The belief that the US was destined to stretch across the country from the Alantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
-Most Americans supported Manifest Destiny
-Texas was admitted as a slave state in 1845
-President Polk offer to buy Texas, California, and New Mexico
-Mexico Refused

Notes Word or Phrase of the Week. January 30th

Cornell notes rule

The Texas Revolution
Spanish Texas
-Spain owned a large part of North America, including Texas.
Tejanos
-Tejanos are people of spanish heritage who consider Texas their home.
-Moses Austin starts a colony in Texas 
Mexican Independence Change Texas 
- In 1821, Mexico won independence from Spain 
-Settlers would have become Mexican Citizens 
-Join Roman Catholic Church 
-Learn Spanish
-by 1830, Americans out numbering the Tejanos 6 to 1
In 1829, the Mexican govern. outlawed slavery
-the settlers wanted to keep their slaves so they could grow cotton
-Americans didn't learn spanish or follow Mexican laws
-Santa Ana led 6,000 troops to Texas to put down the revolt 
Alamo
-The first between the Texans and Mexicans took place at the Alamo
Fight For Alamo
-183 Texans & 6,000 Mexicans 
- when the war was over, all but 5 Texans were dead
-The men not killed in battle were executed
Battle at San. Jacinto
-Texan general, Sam Houston gathered more men, 800 men in all
-San Jacinto 1836, "Remember the Alamo"
-700 Mexicans killed vs 6 Texans killed 
-Battle of San. Jacinto, Texas an independent country
Lone Star Republic
-In 1836, Texas declared itself the Lone Star Republic a seperate country 
-Sam Houston was elected president

MANIFEST DESTINY-
Mountain Men and the Rendezvous-
-Spent most of the year alone, trapping small animals such as beavers
Jedediah Smith-
-Rediscover the South Pass through the Rockies
Jim Beckworth-
-Discovered the beckwarth Pass through the Rocky Mountains into California
The Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico 
-The west offered a change to make money
-Traders traveled west in search of market to trade goods and make money

JACKSON & NATIVE AMERICANS

JACKSON & NATIVE AMERICANS
Native Americans in Southeast
-1820 100,000 Native Americans east of mississippi river 
-They were called the civilized tribes had adopted some western ways
Jackson's Removal Policy
-Jackson saw native americans as conquered people
-Indian Removal Act 1830 said Native Americans MUST move west to Oklahoma
-Indians got to Supreme Court, say they dont have to move. Jackson ignores SC
-1/4 (25%) of Native Americans die along the way 
-This becomes known as the Trail of Tears

RISE OF JACKSON
Jacksonian Democracy
The idea of the spread political power to more of the people 
This allows more people to vote (only white men)
People's President 
Jackson was first president not from Virginia or Mass.
he was the first president from West
Jackson Takes Office 
Jackson's wife dies before he takes office 
Jackson takes office in 1828
Inauguration public takes over white house
Spoils System 
The practice of giving govern. jobs to people who support you

CH 11 Section 3
NATIONAL & REGIONAL GROWTH
The north began to industrialize and the south relied more heavily on growing cotton.
American System
Establish a protective tariff 
Establish a national bank 
Improve the country's transportation system
Sectional Tensions Increase
Sectionalism is loyalty to the interest of your own region or section of the country
Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance
Missouri Compromise
He suggested Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state 
This became known as the Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine 
Monroe said that the Latin Americans were closed to further colonization

Industrial Revolution

Factories machines replace hand tools.
Manufacturing replaces farming as main business 
Mostly in the North 
Factories in New England-
Factories mostly came from New England 
1st Samuel Slater Rhode Island 
N.E. had many fast moving rivers for power 
N.E. ports and ships for transportation 
New England Factory-
Large factory 
Near fast rivers/waterfalls
people moved from farms to cities 
Lowell Mills-
Lowell mills employed women in mills
woman got paid 2-3 dollars a week
worked in very dangerous conditions
Eli Whitney-
inventor interchangeable parts
before guns were made individually took a box of parts to demonstrate 
made gun from pile of parts
Moving people, Goods, Messages-
Samuel Morris -telegraph
Robert Fulton-steamboat
allowed boats to go up river 
 Telegraph-
Invented 1837
steamboat and telegraph helped bring nation together
John Deere invents steel plow 
Cyrus McComick invents Reaper 

  

Pages 21 & 22 Chapter 10 Section 4 War of 1812

The War of 1812
Battle for Canada-
War Last 3 Years
The war inspired for the Star Spangled Banner
Embargo Act hurts the U.S. more than British
War of 1812-
The United States military was weak when the war began
The Navy only had 16 Ships
The Army had fewer than 7,000 men.
The 1st Phase of War-
U.S. Navy to the challenge!
Its warships were the fastest
Old Ironsides-
Battle at Sea-
Battle of Thames 
This was the end of the british threat in the Northwest
Burning of Washington-
In 1814 the British defeated France
Americans were poorly trained 
Ask people to go to war
Storm makes British to flee the U.S.
Second Phase of War-
After defeating Napoleon, Britain turned its Attention to the U.S. in 1814
The British burned down the capitol building and Presidents Mansion 
the British then attack Fort McHenry at Baltimore
Fort McHenry-
Made storm flag so that British can see that America is a strong nation
Sept 11 war starts
Unknown riffle man kills General Ross
Francis Scott King wrote the Star Sparkle Banner
Battle of New Orleans-
The British prepared to attack New Orleans 
Andrew Jackson was waiting for the British
More than 12000 British fell... Only 12 Americans died
Jackson and Madison were different 
Jackson has an untrained army and are going against the world's best nation, Britain
Dec 14 British attack America 
British try to attack New Orleans by surprise
Andrew Jackson became a hero
The battle took place two weeks after the U.S. & British signed a peace treaty
Effects of the War-
Increased American Patriotism
Weakened Native Americans Resistance 
U.S. manufacturing grows

Notes Chapter 14 Section 1 February 18 & 22

The Hopes of Immigrants

Why People Migrated

People immigrate because of push-pull factors

•Push factors—conditions that push people out of their native lands

•Pull factors—conditions that pull people toward a new place

•Emigrants—people who leave a country

•Immigrants—people who settle in a new country

•Push factors include:

-agricultural changes, landlords force tenants off land

-crop failures, farmers unable to pay debts, families go hungry

-Industrial Revolution puts many artisans out of work

-religious, political turmoil causes religious persecution

WAR !

•Pull factors include economic opportunity (money),  abundant land

Freedom, Freedom of Speech

Scandinavians Seek Land

•Cheap land lures thousands of Scandinavians to U.S.

Germans Pursue Economic Opportunity

•Work as bakers, butchers, shoemakers, carpenters in cities

The Irish Flee Hunger

•Most Irish immigrants are Catholic

•Causes famine—a severe food shortage, forces many to emigrate

•In U.S., Irish become city-dwellers, few skills, take low-paying jobs

•Compete with free blacks for backbreaking work that no one else wants

U.S. Cities Face Overcrowding

•Immigrants, especially the Irish flock to cities

•Rapid urban growth causes housing shortage

Some Americans Oppose Immigration

•Prejudice—negative opinion not based on facts

•Nativists—native-born Americans who want to stop foreign influence

Jackson and Native Americans

-In 1820, 100,000 Native Americans of the Mississippi River.
-Those were called the civilized tribes had adopted to some of the western ways.
-Jackson regarded the Native Americans as conquered people.
-Indian removal act of 1830 said Native Americans must move west to Oklahoma.
-1/4(25%) of Native Americans died along the way.
-This becomes known as the trail of tears.
-Jackson Removal Policy