Notes on Chapter 7 Section 4

The Revolutionary War

• Costs of the War

• American

• 27,000 American casualties

• 1,400 Missing
• 8,200 were wounded

• British

• 10,000 British deaths

• Between 60,000 and 100,000 Loyalists left the United States, mostly to Canada

The Legacy of the War

• Treaty of Paris (2)- 1783
• US was recognized as an independent Nation
• L – Lexington and Concord – "Shot heard around the world!" First Battles
• B – Bunker Hill – a moral victory for the American troops (due to heavy British casualties)
• S – Saratoga – Turning point of the war
• Y – Yorktown – Britain surrendered to the US.

• Final battle: Yorktown
• Why did the Americans win?

• Better leadership
• Received foreign aid
• Knew the lay of the land better than the British
• Motivation

Slavery Dominates Politics 
The Republican Party Forms 
-Disagreement over slavery led to the freedom of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions 
-The creation of the Republican Party grew out of the problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
-Split between North and South 
The Case of Dred Scott
-His owner takes him to live in the North 
-Scott sued for his freedom 
-Dredscott v. Sandford 
-Missouri ---> Illinois ---> Wisconsin ---> Missouri 
-Black as inferior unfit to associate with the white race
-Blacks are not and can't be citizens 

Notes Page Word or Phrase of the week

The word or Phrase of the Week of March 12th is:

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin

THE CRISIS DEPENDS 
The issue of slavery divides the counrty
-The north was against slavery and wanted to stop its spread 
-the south wanted to keep slavery as a way of life. also about $$$$
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-people decide of there should be slavery in their states
-popular sovereingnty- when people decide what to do
Fugitive Slave Act
-an 1850 law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves
-It was illegal to help a slave escape 
-a person could be put in jail if they did
Harriet Beecher Stowe
 -author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
-story about the cruelty of slavery
-encouraged many people in the north to become abolitionists 
      

GROWING TENSION BETWEEN THE NORTH & SOUTH
North & south take different paths
-In the north, the growing of industry led to the rapid growth of cities
-Railroads & canals connect east and west helping to develop strong ties with eachother
The South Developed few wealthy, planters who controlled socety
-Planters relied on cotton exports for their profit 
-Southerns invested in slavery instead of industry 
-"Wilmot Proxiso", it outlawed slavery in any territory taken from Mexico 
The Compromise of 1850
-To please the north 
-California would be a free state 
-The slave trade would abolished in washington 
-to please the south 
-Congress would not pass law regarding slavery territories won from Mexico
-Congress would pass fugitive slave act

Plantations & Slavery Spread
-Whitney's cotton gin (short for engine)
-A worker could now clean up to 50 pounds a day
-The cotton gin set the South on a different course from the North
-Southern Life changed because of cotton boom:
1) It triggered a mass move westward
2)Planters grew more cotton rather than other goods
3) More Native Americans groups were driven off southern land. This help cause "Trail of Tears"
4) Slavery continued to be important source of labor 
-After 1808, it became illegal to import Africans for use in slavery 
-Slaveholders with large plantations were the wealthiest and most powerful people in the south
-Most white southern farmers owned few or no slaves 
-In 1840, 8& of African Americans in the south were free
Finding strength in Religion
-Churches the only place where slaves could meet as a group
-spirituals often contained coded messages
Families Under Slavery
-The cruelest part of slavery was the sale of family members away from one another
-many children were seperated from their mothers 
Slave Rebellions
-The most famous rebellion was led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831
-Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women, children
-tuner was caught & hung      
-like almost all rebellions it resulted in harsher slave codes

THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE & THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
Beginning of slavery in North American
-Disease (small pox) and warfare eliminated the native americans as a source of labor
- Kunta Kinte
Where Slaves Went???
-North America 6%
-Spanish America 16%
-Brazil 38%
-Caribbean 40 
Middle Passage 
-The transport of slaves between Africa and the Americas
-Typical slave ships contained several hundred slaves with about 30 crew members 
-A typical alantic crossing took 60-90 days but some lasted up to 4 months
Conditions in Slave Ships
-Slaves packed like cargo between decks often had to lie in each other's waste 
-heat was often unbearable and the air nearly unbreatheable
Triangle Trade
-The triangle trade was the trade between: 
Africa to new world (slaves)
-New world to europe (cotton, tabacco)
-Europe to Africa (rum, stuff to trade)
-European colonization of north america created a slave dependent country